Alfred Winslow Jones created the first hedge fund in 1949. He pioneerd the idea of hedging to maximize gains, trading based on stock movements which he called velocity, paper portfolios and a competitive multi-manager model in which individuals ran their own books. Since that era, hedge funds have innovated roughly every decade or so. More Money than God illuminates each epoch. In the 1960 post-war boom, pension funds entered the primarily retail-driven market.