We find that active management for endowments is significantly positively related to higher returns net of fees from U.S. equity allocations over the evaluation period. In addition, endowments with CIOs or OCIOs are better able to earn incremental positive returns from active management than those without. Larger endowments are better able to earn incremental positive returns from active management than the smallest endowments but the effect appears to diminish as endowments increase in size.